Spotters in "Environment and Health: Mosquitoes- Culex" for CFM & MPH students

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Culex Mosquito:

Also known as "nuisance mosquitoes". Culex fatigans is a vector of Bancroftian filariasis in India. It breeds profusely in dirty water collections e.g. stagnant drains, cesspools, septic tanks, burrow pits, & in fact all types of water collections.

1. Eggs:


Important points:

  • Lays eggs in small clusters or rafts. 
  • Each raft contains 100-250 eggs.
  • Eggs are oval-shaped.
  • The eggs do not possess lateral floats.

2. Larva:

Important points:

  • Suspended in water with their heads downwards. 
  • Possess a siphon tube, situated on the 8th abdominal segment. 
  • Bottomfeeder.
  • No palmate hairs.
  • This stage lasts for 5-7 days.

3. Pupa:



Important points:

  • Comma shaped in appearance, with a large rounded cephalothorax & a narrow abdomen.
  • The Siphon tube is long & narrow. 
  • It represents the resting stage. 

4. Adult: 



Important points:

  • A strong winged mosquito & can fly up to 11 km in rural areas. 
  • Highly anthrophillic. 
  • When at rest, the body exhibits a hunch back & the body stands almost parallel to the surface.
  • Wings unspotted.
  • Palpi short in females.
  • Enters the house at dusk & reaches maximum density by midnight which is peak bitting time. 
  • Legs are preferred for bitting. 
  • During the day, it may be seen resting indoors on walls, underneath furniture, inside empty pots, & in dark corners.

Public Health Importance:

Culex mosquito transmits
  • Bancroftian filariasis
  • Japanese encephalitis
  • West Nile fever
  • Viral Arthritis (Epidemic / Polyarthritis)

Reference:

  1. Park, K. (2019). Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine. 25th. Jabalpur, India: M/S Banarsidas Bhanot.
  2. Kadri AM. (2019). IAPSM's Textbook of Community Medicine. 1st. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.
  3. https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/about/life-cycles/culex.html photo credit
  4. https://www.majordifferences.com/2013/10/difference-between-anopheles-and-vs.html#.X92QXXczbIU photo credit
  5. https://onlinesciencenotes.com/differences-anopheles-culex/ photo credit
  6. https://pixnio.com/fauna-animals/insects-and-bugs/mosquito/enlarged-view-of-a-culex-quinquefasciatus-mosquito-pupa photo credit
  7. http://medent.usyd.edu.au/arbovirus/mosquit/photos/mosquitophotos_culex.htm photo credit
  8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culex photo credit

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